In vitro fertilization

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a method in which egg cells are fertilized by sperm outside the body: in vitro. IVF is a major treatment in infertility when other methods of assisted reproductive technology have failed. The process involves hormonally controlling the ovulatory process, removing ova (eggs) from the woman's ovaries and letting sperm fertilize them in a fluid medium. The fertilized egg (zygote) is then transferred to the patient's uterus with the intent to establish a successful pregnancy. The first successful birth of a "test tube baby", Louise Brown, occurred in 1978. Robert G. Edwards, the physiologist who developed the treatment, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2010

The term in vitro, from the Latin root meaning in glass, is used, because early biological experiments involving cultivation of tissues outside the living organism from which they came, were carried out in glass containers such as beakers, test tubes, or petri dishes. Today, the term in vitro is used to refer to any biological procedure that is performed outside the organism it would normally be occurring in, to distinguish it from an in vivo procedure, where the tissue remains inside the living organism within which it is normally found. A colloquial term for babies conceived as the result of IVF, "test tube babies", refers to the tube-shaped containers of glass or plastic resin, called test tubes, which are commonly used in chemistry labs and biology labs. However, in vitro fertilization is usually performed in the shallower containers called Petri dishes. One IVF method, Autologous Endometrial Coculture, is actually performed on organic material, but is still considered in vitro.


Information taken from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_vitro_fertilisation

Surrogacy in India

Surrogacy in India was became legal since 2002. Moreover, with the Supreme Court's ruling it was established that commercial surrogacy is legal in India under the Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Bill & Rules, 2008. This bill has amenities like allowing single parents having their own children through surrogates and the surrogate having no right on the child born out of the arrangement. India has a set of legislative rules that guide and direct the process of surrogacy in India.

Surrogacy - Legitimate Form of Treatment

Surrogacy in India seems to have always drawn a excessive amount of media interest, simply because the concept excites the public imagination. India seems to be in the news considering that it offers "wombs on hire". Surprisingly, several infertile couples seem to be arriving to India to possess surrogacy treatment, simply because it's so much cheaper here than in the West. A few activists see red, due to the fact they think this can be a form of "reproductive prostitution" - they think women are being marginalized and reproduction is actually being treated as a commodity, since money is changing hands.

Whereas I feel surrogacy is a legitimate form of treatment, my main worry that presently there is no legal safety for the parents in India. The only authorized identification of the child's parentage these days is the birth certificate - and it's only the birth mother's identify that can appear on this. These days, genetic parentage is not really recognized. Precisely what this indicates is that if the birth mother chooses not to hand over the newborn after birth, there is actually nothing the infertile couple ( intending parents) or the doctor may do, no matter whatever legal documents they may have signed, since these have got no legal bearing - the agreement is simply not valid!

Usually, the infertile couple plans to undertake the baby following birth, so they can claim it legally. However, adoption in India is a lengthy as well as complicated procedure - and at this time there is no system for a "directed adoption", which indicates there are no way the parents, could claim the baby legally. This signifies that either they do a "black-market adoption"; or the doctor puts a fake name ( not the birth mother's, but the surrogate's) on the birth certificate!

Aniruddha Malpani

Dr. Aniruddha Malpani is a IVF specialist in India. You can Visit His Surrogacy Website - Surrogacy in India

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Aniruddha_Malpani

Surrogacy in India

Now the question arises as to who can become a surrogate mother? Most importantly, surrogate mother should have good health and should be able to undergo minimum risks of her health during the entire pregnancy. But surrogate mothers must have their own child and a complete family before she rent her womb to some other couple. The surrogate mother should not be more than 35 years of age in order to avoid all kinds of complex issues that are involved during the pregnancy and during the time of delivery. Becoming a surrogate mother is not an easy decision. What matters most in this matter is her family, her children and her relatives as well? A serious thought must be given to the effect that will be on her family and children by surrendering the child at the time of birth. In this case, Family should be able to provide all emotional and physical support to her and consent and willingness of her husband is most important before she enters into the contract of surrogacy.